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paintballimpact.com / Sports / The Peloton
The Peloton - Road Racing
The Peloton is a road racing pack that can have up to 150 cyclists and over 25 teams. Though all the cyclists are recorded for their individual times, teams help one another by forming columns to reduce wind resistance. Racers take turns in the columns, thus decreasing the overall energy that they will have to expend traveling the total distance during the race. Cyclists work in teams in races like the Giro and the Vuelta road racing circuits to cut down on wind resistance and to keep other racers from passing. In most large road racing events, there is one large main group that racers cluster into to cut down wind drag. Peloton is a French word meaning a bunch or a group. In a road racing event, the Peloton is the large main group. Some say cyclists stay in the main group for the majority of the race before they really turn on the jets towards the end of the race. A rider who traveled in front of the Peloton for the majority of the race would have to expend much more energy.

Some racers choose to hold a position near the front of the peloton even though they may have to ride against a little more wind resistance. This is sometimes due to a physics phenomenon known as the elastic band effect. The elastic band effect presents itself as a decrease in stability in response to wind and speed changes that occur closer to the front of the peloton. The rider closer to the back may have to make more adjustments to changes in the other cyclists' speeds and runs a greater risk of colliding with another rider. Also, in the event of a crash, a rider closer to the back of the peloton will have many more obstacles to navigate through in order to come out of the accident on two wheels. Also, riders near the front of the peloton will have far fewer opposing athletes to battle past when they are ready to make a breakaway. To get closer to the front of the peloton from the back or to make a breakaway, cyclists will have to encounter many other riders who are eager to impede their progress and they may even be forced to take wide turns from the outside edges of the road to pass from the outside. This can cause riders to travel much further than if they could simply travel in a straight line.
Cyclists must be at the front of the peloton in order to initiate a breakaway. The size and density of the peloton may change depending on the weather conditions or the wind resistance that the riders must push against. When the cluster encounters a strong head wind, the group tends to stretch out and elongate. This makes the distance from the lead rider to the back of the pack much greater. Easier headwinds tend to contract and bunch the Peloton more. When riders encounter strong side winds, they tend to cluster horizontally in the direction that the wind is blowing. The very long distance races usually get several large groups of riders.
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